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第九單元 推展段落方法之二——敘述法

9．1敘述法

敘述法（narration）回答了“發(fā)生了什么”（what happened）這一問題。敘述經(jīng)常用于講述一系列事件。這種方法常用作小說（fiction）、傳記（biographs）的支配方法，也可用作其他各種文體的輔助方法。例如，軼事（anecdotes）、寓言（fables）等都是用敘述形式闡述某一觀點(diǎn)。

示范段落9－1

I was seven years old when I first became aware of the terrible power of guilt．For piling our toys into the toy box，Mother had rewarded my brother and me with five shiny pennies each．If I had ten pennies instead of just five，I could have bought a ginger bread man with raisin eyes and sugar－frosted hair．The image danced in my head all day，until，finally，I crept into my brother's room and stole his five pennies．The next morning，as my brother and I were dressing to go to school，I had all ten pennies in the pocket of my coat，cramming one of my father's handkerchiefs on top of them．As my brother and I lined up in front of Mother to be kissed goodbye，she looked at my bulging pocket with amazement．“What on earth do you have in your pocket？she asked．“It's nothing，”I said，as offhandedly as I could．“It's nothing at all．”Bewildered，but toobusy to investigate any further，Mother kissed me goodbye I ran out the door and down our gravel path as fast as my feet could carry me．But the farther from home I got，the more miserable I became．The shiny pennies in my pocket felt oppressively like one－ton boulders．And I was haunted by the idea that I had become a thief．Forgotten was the gingerbread man，for whose sake I had stolen my brother's pennies Finally，unable to bear my horrible feeling of guilt，I ran back home to blurt out my crime to my mother．

9．2示范段落分析

在上面段落中，作者在主題句中闡述了他的觀點(diǎn)：I was seven years old when I first became aware of the terrible power of guilt．然后用一件軼事作為支持這一觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)，敘述發(fā)生了什么事，并說明了他的觀點(diǎn)。

9．3關(guān)于如何寫敘述段落的建議

1）只著重?cái)⑹鲇幸饬x的事件和經(jīng)歷

盡量避免日?，嵤潞蜔o聊事，只使用那些有助于闡明你的觀點(diǎn)的事件和經(jīng)歷。

2）保持始終如一的著眼點(diǎn)

不管敘述是以第一人稱或第三人稱進(jìn)行，都要盡量使語言從敘述者的著眼點(diǎn)（point of view）反映敘述者的見解和意向。

3）運(yùn)用細(xì)節(jié)

寫敘述段落時(shí)要運(yùn)用細(xì)節(jié)，使人物栩栩如生，并在讀者的想象中喚起事件發(fā)生的那種環(huán)境氣氛。在描繪人物時(shí)也使用細(xì)節(jié)，使人物血肉豐滿，形象生動。

4）使用時(shí)間順序

敘述幾乎總是使用時(shí)間順序法來組織細(xì)節(jié)。（第12單元將討論時(shí)間順序法）

Exercise 9-1

Directions：Write a paragraph of narration using the given topic sentence．

Not knowing a language well can sometimes be embarrassing．

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Exercise 9－2

Directions：Write a paragraph of narration，telling about one of your memorable trip．

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