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第五單元如何寫結(jié)論句

5．1結(jié)論句

第一單元曾提到，段落由三個部分組成，最后一部分就是結(jié)論句（ the concluding sentence）。結(jié)論句通常與主題句一樣包含有段落的中心思想，然而所用措辭與主題句不同。

在示范段落 1-1，主題句是： We all know that cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit because it causes health problems．

結(jié)論句是： It is clearly identified as one of the chief causes of death in our society．

5．2關于寫結(jié)論句的建議

1）把握主題句的關鍵詞

例如在關于“cigarette smoking”的示范段落 1-1中，中心思想是“the health problems caused by cigarette smoking，關鍵詞是“health problems”。

2）總結(jié)細節(jié)，回答主題句中隱含的問題。

在上述示范段落中，隱含的問題是“What are the health problems caused by cigarette smoking？”結(jié)論句作出的回答是 It is identified as one of the chief cause of death in our society．

3）用不同的措辭表達同一中心思想。

在上述段落中，主題句的關鍵詞是“health problems”，而在結(jié)論句中，關鍵詞是“causes of death”。

示范段落5-1

Our neighborhood has been greatly changed． When I last visited there， about half the homes had been torn down to make way for a superhighway． The remaining buildings were plastered with billboards and surrounded by traffic signs and litter． Now the whole neighborhood has become dirty， noisy and full of cars．

5．3示范段落分析

主題句： Our neighborhood has been changed．

主題句關鍵詞： changed

主題句隱含的問題：“How has the neighborhood changed？

細節(jié)： 1． a superhighway built—noisy and full of cars

2． full of billboards， traffic signs and litter—dirty

結(jié)論句： Now the whole neighborhood has become dirty， noisy andfull of cars．

結(jié)論句關鍵詞： dirty，noisy and full of cars

結(jié)論句總結(jié)了細節(jié)并回答了主題句提出的問題。

Exercise 5-1

Directions：Read the following paragraph．Find out the topic sentence and the concluding sentence， and rearrange the details so that the paragraph will make sense．

① In less than three years the farm had gone to pieces．②All the windows had been broken out of the big two-story farm house．③In the front of the house the grass was about three feet tall andthe barn yard was full of weeds instead of pigs squealing to be fed．④There were no more cows to milk or horses to ride．⑤My grandmother's farm has a lot of enjoyable memories for me，but after she died， I left home to join the army and when I returned，I was disappointed at the changes that had taken place．⑥ Paint was peeling off the house and the porch roof was sagging．⑦ Lively as the place had been before my grandmother died， it seemed to have died with her now．⑧This farm had once been lively with the noise of a tractor plowing the land and a dog barking whenever someone came up to the house．

Topic Sentence：________Supporting Details：________

Concluding Sentence：_________

Exercise 5-2

Directions： Read the following paragraphs and underline the topic sentence of each． Then write your own concluding sentence to complete each paragraph．

（1）

Pollution has caused three major problems in the last decades．First， with the development of industry， more and more factories have been built and have sent out smoke and poisonous gases．Thus the air is polluted． The increasing number of cars adds to the air pollution． Second， farmers use chemical fertilizers to increase production and insecticide to kill insects． When rain flows with these poisonous chemicals to rivers， water is polluted． A third formof pollution， noise， is becoming more and more serious． Very loud noises can make people sick， and even drive them mad．

________________________________________

（2）

There are three important findings from studies concerned with notetaking． First，notetaking does not interfere with listening and comprehension； in fact， it helps you listen． Second， students who study their lecture notes remember one and a half times more after six weeks than students who do not review． Third， students who take no notes， or do not study their notes， forget approximately 80percent of the lecture by the end of two weeks．From these findings we can conclude that students who take enough notes and then study them， both directly after the lecture and several additional times before an examination， stand a good chance of remembering between90 and 100％ of the material！_______________________________________

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